Pagani Huayra

The Pagani Huayra  is a mid-engine sports car produced by Italian sports car manufacturer Pagani, succeeding the company's previous offering, the Zonda. It is named after Huayra-tata, a Quechua wind god.The Huayra was named "The Hypercar of the Year 2012" by Top Gear magazine. On February 11, 2015 it was reported that the Pagani Huayra has been sold out. The Huayra was limited to just 100 units as part of Pagani's agreement with engine supplier Mercedes-AMG.

The Pagani Huayra was officially debuted online with several pictures in a press release on January 25, 2011. The official world debut was at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show held in March.

Performance

The Huayra has a top speed of about 383 km/h (238 mph) and it has a 0-97 km/h (60 mph) acceleration time of 2.8 seconds. Using Pirelli tyres, the Pagani Huayra is capable of withstanding 1.66 g of lateral acceleration 

The Pagani Huayra uses a seven-speed sequential gearbox and a single disc clutch. The choice not to use a dual-clutch in an oil bath was due to the increase in weight of over 70 kg (154 lb), thus negating any advantage of the faster gear changes in a double-clutch transmission. As a result, the transmission weighs 96 kg (212 lb).

The car is equipped with Brembo brake calipers, rotors and pads. The calipers have four pistons in front and four in the rear. The rotors are drilled carbon ceramic, 380 mm (15.0 in) in diameter and 34 mm (1.3 in) thick.

Engine

The Huayra uses a 6.0 L (5,980 cc) twin-turbocharged M158 60° V12 engine developed by Mercedes-AMG specially for the Huayra, which has a power output of 730 PS (537 kW; 720 hp) at 5,800 rpm and 1,000 N⋅m (738 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 2,250-4,500 rpm. The engine has been designed at the request of Pagani to reduce turbo lag and improve response, achieved with smaller turbo chargers, a different intercooler configuration and re-programmed ECU settings.

Like many high-performance cars, the Huayra uses dry sump lubrication. This has several key benefits including guaranteeing oil flow even when the car is subjected to extreme lateral acceleration, preventing "oil surge" which allows the engine to operate more efficiently while the lack of an oil pan allows mounting the engine lower, lowering the car's center of gravity and improving handling. The fuel consumption of the Huayra is 10 mpg_‑US (23.5 L/100 km; 12.0 mpg_‑imp) in city and 14 mpg_‑US (16.8 L/100 km; 16.8 mpg_‑imp) in highway (EPA testing).

A water / oil heat exchanger reduces engine warm-up times on cold days and helps maintain a stable temperature for refrigerants and lubricants.

To minimise the use of pipes and fittings (and the overall weight of the vehicle), the expansion tank is mounted directly on the engine. Intercooler fins act as an expansion tank circuit at low temperatures.

The titanium exhaust system was designed and built by MHG-Fahrzeugtechnik. Hydroformed joints were developed to reduce back pressure and ensure a free flow exhaust. Titanium reduces the weight of the exhaust system while the Inconel silencers improve reliability in the most exposed parts of the exhaust at high temperatures. The entire system weighs less than 10 kg (22 lb).

Aerodynamics

The Pagani Huayra is different from its predecessor in that it incorporates active aerodynamics. It is capable of changing the height of the front from the ground and independently operating four flaps placed at the rear and front of the car. The behavior of the flaps is managed by a dedicated control unit that is fed information from systems such as the ABS and ECU, which pass on information about the car's speed, yaw rate, lateral acceleration, steering angle and throttle position. This is intended to achieve minimal drag coefficient or maximum downforce depending on the situation. The Huayra's designer Horacio Pagani states that it has a variable drag coefficient of between .31 and .37.^[12] The system also prevents excess body roll in the corners by raising the "inside" flaps (i.e. the left ones in a left-handed corner and vice versa), increasing the downforce on that side of the car. The rear flaps also act as an airbrake. Under hard braking, both the front suspension and the two rear flaps are raised to counter-act weight transfer to the front wheels and keep the whole car stable, for instance when entering a corner.^[11] Air from the radiator is extracted through an arch in the bonnet at an angle that is designed not to affect the streamline around the body. The side air intakes behind the front wheels create a low pressure zone, resulting in downforce.

Special editions

Pagani has developed several special editions of the Huayra upon customer request.

Carbon Edition

The first special edition was the Pagani Huayra Carbon Edition, unveiled in 2012, along with the White Edition.It features a full carbon fibre body, wheels and interior trim, hence the "carbon" part of the name. The interior features red leather upholstery and carbon fibre inserts. The specifications are the same as the standard Huayra.

White Edition

The White Edition was unveiled in 2012, along with the Carbon Edition. The car features a white and carbon fibre exterior, a white and black interior, and aluminum wheels.

La Monza Lisa

This special edition Huayra, called "La Monza Lisa" was built for well known car collector Kris Singh. It features tricolore racing stripes and side stripes inspired by the Zonda Revolucion, and a bright red interior with white stitching inspired by a Zonda F Roadster. At the customer's request, Pagani also reengineered the firewall behind the occupants to be finished in a mixture of matte and gloss fully exposed carbon fibre for visual effect as well as to pass more engine vibration through to the carbon fibre seats, per the customer's request. La Monza Lisa also features a one-off exhaust system and bespoke turbochargers built by Michael Kübler and Mercedes-AMG.

730S "Da Vinci"

The 730S special edition was unveiled at the AutoGallery of Beverly Hills in February 2015. Most of the car's specifications are heavily inspired from the Zonda Tricolore. The car was specially built for Alejandro Salomon (a.k.a. Salomondrin), a Mexican-American entrepreneur, former film producer and YouTube personality.

The car was later sold to David Lee, a jewelry and watch tycoon and a well known Ferrari collector, due to Salomondrin's complaints after driving it for a year. The car was later renamed "Da Vinci" by Lee after his purchase and was upgraded with the Tempesta package.

Huayra BC Kingtasma

A Pagani Huayra BC, finished in red carbon fibre, was delivered to the United States and is dubbed "Kingtasma" by the owner. The Kingtasma is one of only four Pagani Huayra BC models equipped with a roof scoop, it is also the only Huayra BC fitted with a cup holder from the factory. It also features gold carbon fibre crowns on the underside of both of the rear flaps. The Huayra BC Kingtasma is owned by an American real estate tycoon from the east coast of the United States. The owner, same father-son duo, also own the Pagani Huayra called "The King".

Huayra BC Macchina Volante

Collector Kris Singh had comissioned a special BC called "Macchina Volante" (the Flying Machine) built in 2017, with extra amounts of blue carbon fiber and a few Italian flags adorning it. It also has additional rear air intakes and blue brake calipers.

Pearl

The Huayra Pearl, unveiled in May 2016, is a special edition of the Huayra. It features the split rear wing inspired by old Zonda C12, and the roof air scoop inspired by the Zonda Cinque. Like the Carbon Edition and Da vinci, the carhas an exposed carbon fibre body finished in a dark blue colour. It was involved in an accident in Paris in July 2016 but was rebuilt again by the factory in 2017 with an upgraded engine now having a power output of 1,350 PS (1,332 hp; 993 kW), making it the most powerful Pagani Huayra ever made. It can accelerate from 0–97 km/h (60 mph) in 2.2 seconds and has a claimed top speed in excess of 380 km/h (236 mph). It shares many components with the Huayra BC and the Zonda R including the suspension, gearbox, top mounted air intake and the motorsport derived carbo-titanium monocoque due to which it weighs 132 kg (291 lb) less than before. The rebuild took 24 months to complete.

Dinastia

The Huayra Dinastia was a special edition of three Huayra coupés revealed to the public in 2016. Horacio Pagani's inspiration for this car came from the Nine-Dragon Wall in China. Three cars were initially planned to be built and sold, but after October 2016, based on the request of customers and after the research proving that the purple and red are in the same colour family (shades of magenta), the Red has been replaced with the Purple. Each unit also has a certain livery. The design of the car reflects Horacio's visit with each unit's livery design resembling one of the dragons on the wall, and it also has an aerodynamic fin on the rear, mostly likely to resemble a dragon's tail.

The liveries of the cars are:

• Blue carbon livery (Baxia, the water dragon)
• Purple carbon livery (Yazi, the warrior dragon)
• Gold carbon livery (Chiwen, the protective dragon of fire and rain)

Mechanically, the Dinastia is identical to the normal Pagani Huayra however, Pagani has installed a lighter titanium exhaust system, new 21-inch forged aluminium alloy wheels, a new front splitter and winglets, deeper side skirts, and an additional rear fin to help the air stream to minimize drag.

L' Ultimo

The L' Ultimo is the final Huayra coupé built for a US based customer. It features the same mechanical components as a normal Huayra coupé but features many bespoke parts unique to the car, such as the pachetto tempesta aerodynamic package, a roof scoop inspired by the Zonda R and a bespoke rear wing. The paint work is also unique and takes inspiration from Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton's F1 car. The interior is also in contrast with the exterior colour and features white leather seats with turquoise floor mats and centre console.